Ankles, the unsung heroes of mobility, often bear the brunt of our daily activities. Whether it’s a misstep on uneven ground or a sudden twist, ankle injuries are not uncommon.
However, distinguishing between a sprain or fracture is crucial for effective treatment and recovery. Today, we’ll delve into the key differences between ankle sprains and fractures.
Identifying Ankle Sprains
An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments – the tough bands of tissue connecting bones – are stretched or torn. Common causes include sudden twists, falls, or impacts. Physical therapists should pay attention to the following signs of a sprained ankle:
- Pain and Swelling: Sprained ankles typically manifest with pain and swelling around the affected area. The intensity of pain can vary, but persistent discomfort is a common indicator.
- Limited Range of Motion: Patients with ankle sprains often experience difficulty moving the joint, accompanied by a sense of instability or weakness.
- Bruising: While not immediate, bruising may develop over time. The appearance of bruising may indicate a more severe sprain.
- Tenderness to Touch: Gentle pressure on the affected area may elicit tenderness, helping physical therapists pinpoint the location and severity of the sprain.
Differentiating Ankle Fractures
On the other hand, an ankle fracture involves a break in one or more bones that make up the ankle joint. Following the Ottawa Ankle rules, we can easily recognize the signs of a fracture:
- Severe Pain: Fractures often cause intense pain, especially during weight-bearing activities. The pain may persist even at rest and is generally localized around the medial and lateral malleolus, as well as the fifth metatarsal and the navicular bones.
- Deformity or Misalignment: An obvious deformity or misalignment of the ankle may indicate a fracture.It is always a good idea to visually inspect the ankle for any abnormal positioning.
- Inability to Bear Weight: Patients with ankle fractures may find it nearly impossible to bear weight on the affected leg. This is a significant red flag for fractures.
- X-ray Confirmation: While clinical signs are crucial, X-rays are essential for confirming the presence of a fracture. If any of the Ottawa Ankle rules are positive, a recommendation to get an X-ray should be made
Sprain Or Fracture?
By keenly observing signs such as pain, swelling, limited range of motion, and tenderness, therapists can guide their patients toward the appropriate course of treatment.
In cases of suspected fractures, prompt imaging is key to confirming the diagnosis following any positive signs during the Ottawa Ankle tests.
Did you find these tips helpful? Let us know! Contact our PT Success Team at ptlighthouse@thejacksonclinics.com
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