Understanding Spondylolysis
What is Spondylolysis?
Five is an unlucky number for many people with spondylolysis (spon-dee-low-LYE-sis) because this condition—a weakness or stress fracture of a spinal bone—is most often found near the fifth lumbar vertebra in the lower back.
It may, however, occur in other lumbar vertebrae, as well as in the chest area.
Spondylolysis is a common issue, especially among athletes. It’s a small crack in one of the vertebrae, often from repetitive hyperextension of the back, like in gymnastics, weightlifting, or football.
Causes of Spondylolysis
Spondylolysis is often caused by overuse, particularly in sports that stress the lower spine. However, some people are genetically predisposed to it, born with thinner-than-average vertebral bone that’s more prone to fracture.
The exact cause isn’t entirely understood, but it’s usually a mix of genetics and environmental factors.
Risk factors include:
- Family history of the condition
- Participation in high-impact sports
- Improper technique or training methods
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms vary. Some people experience:
- Lower back pain that worsens with activity
- Stiffness
- Muscle spasms
- Pain radiating into the buttocks or legs
- Decreased flexibility
However, not everyone feels pain, and the severity can differ.
Spondylolysis can cause considerable discomfort, although many people show x-ray evidence of the condition but feel no pain. Fortunately, once diagnosed, many conservative measures can be employed to help you heal.
Treatment Options
Conservative Measures
If the condition is related to sports, you’ll need to take a hiatus from participation. In general, rest can be useful, but not so much that your back muscles become weak.
Other Treatments
Other treatments include:
- Learning and utilizing proper posture and spinal alignment
- Walking, sitting, and lifting in ways that minimize lower back strain
- Temporarily wearing a back brace
- Taking medication as necessary to relieve inflammation and pain (prescription or over-the-counter, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
Advanced Options
When these strategies are not enough, other options such as steroid injections or surgery are available, as well. Strengthening and controlling your back muscles and abdominal muscles often alleviates discomfort from spondylolysis.
Physical Therapy for Spondylolysis
Role of Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is crucial in treating spondylolysis. The goal is to reduce pain, enhance flexibility, and strengthen surrounding muscles. This involves:
- Manual therapy
- Therapeutic exercises
- Core stabilization exercises
Therapists also educate patients on activity modifications and lifestyle changes to prevent further injury.
Physical Therapy Exercises For Spondylolysis
If you’re dealing with spondylolysis, physical therapy exercises can be a game-changer in your recovery process. These exercises are designed to reduce pain, enhance flexibility, and strengthen the muscles supporting your spine.
Here’s a rundown of effective spondylolysis physical therapy exercises:
Core Stabilization Exercises
Strengthening your core is crucial because strong abdominal muscles support your spine and reduce strain on your back.
- Planks: Hold a plank position on your elbows and toes, keeping your body in a straight line. Start with 10-15 seconds and gradually increase the time.
- Bird-Dogs: Begin on all fours, extend one arm and the opposite leg simultaneously, keeping your back straight. Hold for a few seconds and switch sides.
- Dead Bugs: Lie on your back with your arms extended towards the ceiling and your knees bent at 90 degrees. Slowly lower one arm and the opposite leg towards the floor while keeping your back flat. Return to the starting position and switch sides.
Flexibility and Stretching Exercises
Improving flexibility can help relieve stiffness and increase your range of motion.
- Hamstring Stretch: Lie on your back and lift one leg towards the ceiling, keeping it straight. Hold the back of your thigh and gently pull your leg towards you. Hold for 20-30 seconds and switch legs.
- Cat-Cow Stretch: On all fours, arch your back up towards the ceiling (cat), then dip it down towards the floor while lifting your head and tailbone (cow). Repeat for 10-15 reps.
- Child’s Pose: Kneel on the floor, sit back on your heels, and extend your arms forward, lowering your torso towards the ground. Hold for 20-30 seconds.
Strengthening Exercises
Building strength in your back muscles can provide better support for your spine.
- Back Extensions: Lie face down with your hands under your shoulders. Slowly lift your upper body off the ground, keeping your legs and hips on the floor. Hold for a few seconds and lower back down. Repeat 10-15 times.
- Superman: Lie face down with your arms extended in front of you. Lift your arms, chest, and legs off the ground simultaneously, then lower them back down. Repeat for 10-15 reps.
- Bridges: Lie on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Lift your hips towards the ceiling, squeezing your glutes at the top. Hold for a few seconds and lower back down. Repeat 10-15 times.
By incorporating these exercises into your routine, you can manage your symptoms effectively and improve your overall back health.
Always consult with a physical therapist before starting any exercise program to ensure the exercises are safe and appropriate for your condition.
At The Jackson Clinics, our physical therapists can help you create an effective, safe, and customized plan for you and your needs.
Did you know you have Direct Access* to Physical Therapy? No referral, no problem!
Lifestyle Adjustments
Activity Modification
Managing spondylolysis involves making specific activity changes. Here are some tips:
- Limit high-impact activities: Avoid repetitive or excessive bending, twisting, or jumping. Opt for low-impact exercises like swimming, biking, or walking.
- Practice proper body mechanics: Pay attention to your posture and body mechanics. Use ergonomic chairs and support cushions to maintain a neutral spine position. When lifting heavy objects, bend your knees and use your leg muscles, not your back.
- Take breaks: If your job requires prolonged sitting or standing, take regular breaks to stretch and move around.
- Strengthen your core: Engage in exercises targeting the muscles around your abdomen and back. A physical therapist can guide you on safe and effective exercises.
By following these guidelines, you can stay active while managing spondylolysis. Always listen to your body and avoid activities causing pain or discomfort.
Posture Training
Learning proper body mechanics and maintaining good posture can prevent further injury.
- Posture Correction: Stand against a wall with your back straight, shoulders back, and head aligned with your spine. Hold this position for 1-2 minutes.
- Ergonomic Adjustments: Use ergonomic chairs and support cushions to maintain a neutral spine position while sitting. Adjust your workstation to ensure your computer screen is at eye level.
Bracing and Supportive Devices
Bracing and supportive devices provide stability and support to the affected area. Common braces include Thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) and Lumbosacral orthosis (LSO).
Bracing helps stabilize the spine, reducing pain and discomfort. It limits movement, promoting proper healing of the fractured vertebra.
However, prolonged use can lead to muscle weakness and stiffness, so it’s essential to work with a physical therapist to determine the appropriate duration and frequency of brace usage.
Long-Term Management
Long-term management focuses on minimizing symptoms and preventing recurrence.
Physical therapy plays a significant role, with therapists designing personalized treatment plans that include exercises, manual therapy, and other techniques to alleviate pain and improve function. Physical therapists will also provide guidance on lifestyle modifications, like maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding activities that aggravate the condition.
Our highly educated Physical Therapists at The Jackson Clinics can suggest style, technique, or equipment changes to improve your performance and prevent future problems.
If you have been diagnosed with this spondylolysis, reach out to us today. We’re here to help.
Did you know you have Direct Access* to Physical Therapy? No referral, no problem!